<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "journalpublishing.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="archive">gsminmag</journal-id>
<journal-title>Mineralogical Magazine</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="full">Mineralogical Magazine</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0026-461X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Mineralogical Society</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1180/002646199548321</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Synthesis of Thallium-leucite (TlAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) Pseudomorph after Analcime</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kyono</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kimata</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shimizu</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name></contrib>
<aff>Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan</aff></contrib-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Saito</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan</aff></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nishida</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Chemical Analysis Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan</aff></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hatta</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1&#x2013;2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan</aff></contrib></contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>2</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>75</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>4</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>1998</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>1998</year>
</date></history>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 1999, The Mineralogical Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>Thallium leucite, TlAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, has been synthesized at 450&#x00B0;C for 7 days, under ambient conditions, by the transformation of dehydrated analcime NaAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> in the presence of excess TlCl. This substitution of Tl for Na leads to confirmation of a thallium-leucite pseudomorph after analcime. Their optical properties, X-ray powder diffraction patterns, electron microprobe analysis, infrared spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have characterized the synthetic Tl-leucites. The IR spectra show that the mid-IR modes <italic>T</italic>-O stretching and <italic>T</italic>-O-<italic>T</italic> bending vibrations for TlAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> are more resemblant of those for analcime than for leucite, KAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>. This resemblance implies that Tl cation enters the <italic>W</italic>-site rather than the <italic>S</italic>-site in the analcime structure: Na (<italic>S</italic>) + H<sub>2</sub>O (<italic>W</italic>) &#x21CC; &#x25A1; + K (leucite) &#x21CC; &#x25A1; + Tl (Tl- leucite), where &#x25A1; represents an <italic>S</italic>-site vacancy. The mechanism of this substitution is supported by the crystal chemical constraints: inasmuch as the <italic>S</italic>-site is smaller than the <italic>W</italic>-site, Tl<sup>+</sup> cations being larger than Na<sup>+</sup> plainly prefer the latter site to the former. One inference from the binding energy for Tl<sup>+</sup> by XPS is that Tl<sup>+</sup> occupies the extra-framework site in synthetic leucite pseudomorph, rather than the smaller tetrahedral site. The difference in Al/Si disordering between analcime and leucite and the nonstoichiometry due to the solid solution of the &#x25A1;Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6</sub> component into the leucite structure may provide a fundamental insight into understanding why TlAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> deviates from the trend defined by K-, Rb- and CsAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> leucite series on the <italic>a-c</italic> parameter diagram, inasmuch as these three cations in the leucite structure occupy the <italic>W</italic>-sites. Finally, synthesis of TlAlSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> leucite has an implication for the existence of other polymorphs due to different degrees of Al/Si disordering, except for high- and low-temperature leucites already known: natural leucites crystallized directly through igneous processes are different from those formed by substitution of K for Na in analcimes.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>thallium</kwd>
<kwd>leucite</kwd>
<kwd>pseudomorph</kwd>
<kwd>analcime</kwd>
<kwd>substitution</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
