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<article article-type="research-article">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="archive">gsminmag</journal-id>
<journal-title>Mineralogical Magazine</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="full">Mineralogical Magazine</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0026-461X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Mineralogical Society</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1180/minmag.1994.058.393.17</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Mineralogy</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Effenbergerite, BaCu[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>], a New Mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa: Description and Crystal Structure</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Giester</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rieck</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name></contrib>
<aff>Institut f&#x00FC;r Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universit&#x00E4;t Wien, Dr. Karl Lueger-Ring 1, A-1010 Wien, Austria</aff></contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>12</month>
<year>1994</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>58</volume>
<issue>393</issue>
<fpage>663</fpage>
<lpage>670</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>2</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>1994</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>3</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>1994</year>
</date></history>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 1994, The Mineralogical Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1994</copyright-year>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<p>Effenbergerite, ideally BaCu[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>], structure determined by single crystal X-ray methods in space group <italic>P4/ncc</italic>, <italic>a</italic> = 7.442(2)&#x00C5;, <italic>c</italic> = 16.133(5)&#x00C5;, <italic>V</italic> = 893.50 &#x00C5;<sup>3</sup> Z = 4, is a new mineral from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. It is associated with native copper, calcite, quartz and clinozoisite within pectolite veinlets, embedded in a matrix of braunite, sugilite and hausmannite. Effenbergerite occurs as transparent blue platelets with perfect cleavage parallel to &#x007B;001&#x007D; in sizes up to 8.0 &#x00D7; 8.0 &#x00D7; 0.1mm. It has a pale blue streak, subconchoidal fracture, a calculated density of 3.52gcm<sup>&#x2212;3</sup> and an estimated Mohs' hardness of 4&#x2013;5. Effenbergerite is uniaxial negative with &#x03C9; = 1.633(2), &#x03B5; = 1.593(2), strongly pleochroic from intense blue (&#x03C9;) to nearly colourless (&#x03B5;). The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern (with refined lattice parameters <italic>a</italic> = 7.440(1)&#x00C5;, <italic>c</italic> = 16.133(2)&#x00C5;) are: (<italic>d</italic><sub>obs</sub>/<italic>I</italic><sub>obs</sub>/<italic>hkl</italic>) (8.0624/100/002), (4.0325/39/004), (3.5443/29/104), (3.1998/44/114), (2.6892/21/006), (2.3943/41/116), (2.0169/34/008), (1.9466/22/108) and (1.4802/21/2.0.70).</p>
<p>Effenbergerite is the natural analogue to synthetic BaCu[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>], isotypic with SrCu[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>] and CaCr[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>] as well as with the minerals cuprorivaite, CaCu[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>] and gillespite, BaFe[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>]. The structure consists of silicate sheets [Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>20</sub>]<sup>8&#x2212;</sup> parallel (001) formed by corner-linkage of silicate 4-membered rings. The copper(II) atom is nearly planar 4-coordinated; the barium atom has a distorted cubelike environment of oxygen atoms. The mineral is named for Dr. Herta S. Effenberger of the University of Vienna, Austria.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>effenbergerite</kwd>
<kwd>BaCu[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>]</kwd>
<kwd>barium copper silicate</kwd>
<kwd>new mineral</kwd>
<kwd>crystal structure</kwd>
<kwd>Kalahari Manganese Field</kwd>
<kwd>South Africa</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
