Stanleyite, a cobalt-blue mineral, occurs as efflorescent outgrowths on patronite from Cerro de Pasco, Minasragra, Peru. The determined composition is very close to the ideal formula VOSO₄.6H₂O and yields an empirical formula of V_1.01O_1.01S_0.99O_3.99 5.78H₂O on the basis of O = 5 in the anhydrous part. X-ray powder data (31 lines) indexed on an orthorhombic cell give a 12.12, b 9.71, and c 14.92Å, cell volume 1755.8ų and Z = 8. Refractive indices are α 1.505, β 1.519, and γ 1.533, D is 1.95 (measured) and 2.01 (calculated), H = 1−1½ (Mohs). Thermal analysis and X-ray powder data show stanleyite to be quite different from minasragrite (the pentahydrate) which it clearly mimics. Associated minerals are potassium alum, pyrite, and quartz.