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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="archive">gsminmag</journal-id>
<journal-title>Mineralogical Magazine</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="full">Mineralogical Magazine</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0026-461X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Mineralogical Society</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1180/minmag.1980.043.331.12</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The Diffusion of Fe<sup>2+</sup> Ions in Spinels with Relevance to the Process of Maghemitization</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Freer</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>O'Reilly</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name></contrib>
<aff>Department of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, School of Physics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU</aff></contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="present-address" id="FN1"><label>*</label><p>Present address: Grant Institute of Geology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW.</p></fn></author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>9</month>
<year>1980</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<issue>331</issue>
<fpage>889</fpage>
<lpage>899</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>10</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>1979</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>28</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>1980</year>
</date></history>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 1980, The Mineralogical Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1980</copyright-year>
<abstract>
<title>Summary</title>
<p>The maghemitization process, by which magnetic minerals with spinel structure become progressively oxidized but remain single phase spinels, seems to be an important feature of submarine weathering. Whether the process takes place by the minerals acquiring oxygen from the sea-water or by the sea-water leaching out iron, the controlling process is the diffusion of Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the spinel structure. Magnetic studies have suggested that during maghemitization the availability for oxidation of Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the tetrahedral (<italic>A</italic>) sites of the spinel structure is much less than that in octahedral (<italic>B</italic>) sites. In this study the Fe<sup>2+</sup>-containing spinels FeAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, FeGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and Fe<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>4</sub>, in which Fe<sup>2+</sup> is predominantly in either <italic>A</italic> or <italic>B</italic> sites were prepared, and the diffusion of Fe<sup>2+</sup> was studied by (1) interdiffusion experiments with the Mg<sup>2+</sup> counterparts and (2) oxidation experiments in air. Fe<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>4</sub> (Fe<sup>2+</sup> in <italic>B</italic> sites) was found to be associated with a higher interdiffusion coefficient and lower activation energy than FeAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (75% Fe<sup>2+</sup> in <italic>A</italic> sites). Oxidation/diffusion activation energies of 0.27 and 0.71 eV were assigned to Fe<sup>2+</sup> in <italic>B</italic> and <italic>A</italic> sites respectively. The experiments thus provide support for the maghemitization model in which Fe<sup>2+</sup> in <italic>B</italic> sites is preferentially oxidized.</p></abstract>
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</article>
